(N)와/과, (N)(이)랑, (N)하고 (and) and (with)

1. (N)와/과, (N)(이)랑, (N)하고 (and)

In Korean, there are three ways to express 'and': -과/와, -랑/이랑, and -하고. These three forms are used interchangeably to mean 'and'. The usage of each form can depend on the formality of the situation.

-과/와 is more commonly used in written language and is generally considered more formal. It is often used in formal documents or academic writing.

-랑/이랑 and -하고 are more casual than -과/와, and are typically used in daily conversation. -랑/이랑 is often used among friends and family members, while -하고 is more commonly used in informal situations with acquaintances or strangers.

Overall, the choice of which form to use depends on the context and the level of formality of the situation.

1. When the preceding noun ends with a vowel, use -와/랑/하고.

자동차 (car)

• 저는 자동차와 자전거를 사고 싶어요. (I want to buy a car and a bicycle.)
• 저는 자동차랑 자전거를 사고 싶어요. (I want to buy a car and a bicycle.)
• 저는 자동차하고 자전거를 사고 싶어요. (I want to buy a car and a bicycle.)

컴퓨터 (computer)

• 컴퓨터와 키보드가 필요해요. (I need a computer and keyboard.)
• 컴퓨터랑 키보드가 필요해요. (I need a computer and keyboard.)
• 컴퓨터하고 키보드가 필요해요. (I need a computer and keyboard.)

학교 (school)

• 학교와 도서관 사이에 있어요. (It is between school and library.)
• 학교랑 도서관 사이에 있어요. (It is between school and library.)
• 학교하고 도서관 사이에 있어요. (It is between school and library.)

콜라 (Cola)

• 콜라와 햄버거를 좋아해요. (I like cola and hamburgers.)
• 콜라랑 햄버거를 좋아해요. (I like cola and hamburgers.)
• 콜라하고 햄버거를 좋아해요. (I like cola and hamburgers.)

2. When the preceding noun ends with a final consonant, use -과/이랑/하고.

컵 (cup)

• 컵과 접시가 필요해요. (I need a cup and a plate.)
• 컵이랑 접시가 필요해요. (I need a cup and a plate.)
• 컵하고 접시가 필요해요. (I need a cup and a plate.)

음식 (food)

• 음식과 음료수를 시켰어요. (I ordered food and drinks.)
• 음식이랑 음료수를 시켰어요. (I ordered food and drinks.)
• 음식하고 음료수를 시켰어요. (I ordered food and drinks.)

책 (book)

• 책과 공책을 샀어요. (I bought books and notebooks.)
• 책이랑 공책을 샀어요. (I bought books and notebooks.)
• 책하고 공책을 샀어요. (I bought books and notebooks.)

핸드폰 (cell phone)

• 핸드폰과 이어폰을 살 거예요. (I will buy a cell phone and earphones.)
• 핸드폰이랑 이어폰을 살 거예요. (I will buy a cell phone and earphones.)
• 핸드폰하고 이어폰을 살 거예요. (I will buy a cell phone and earphones.)

2. (N)와/과, (N)(이)랑, (N)하고 (with)

(N)와/과, (N)(이)랑, (N)하고 also means 'with' in English. While these prepositions may seem difficult to distinguish at first, it is not as hard as it appears. They can be differentiated based on the context in which they are used.

(N)와/과 is used when there are two or more objects present together. For example, "I watched a movie with my friend." indicates that 'my friend' and 'I' watched a movie together.

(N)(이)랑 is similar to '와/과', but it is used more colloquially and in situations where there is a closer relationship or familiarity between the speaker and the listener. For instance, "Let's go together." can be expressed as "나랑 같이 가자." indicating that the speaker wants to go with the listener.

(N)하고 is also used to express the meaning of 'with', and it usually indicates that two different objects are present together. For example, "I drank coffee with my friend." implies that 'my friend' and 'I' drank coffee together.

Therefore, in order to use these prepositions appropriately, it is important to pay attention to the context in which they are used. This will help to differentiate them and use them in a natural and effective way.

It's also the same with the rule "When the preceding noun ends with a vowel, use -와/랑/하고." and "When the preceding noun ends with a final consonant, use -과/이랑/하고."

We use the words '같이' or '함께' (together) a lot when we use 와/과 (이)랑 하고 as ‘with.’

• 친구와 영화를 보러 갔어요 (I went to see a movie with my friend.)
• 친구와 같이 영화를 보러 갔어요 (I went to see a movie with my friend.)
• 체육관 관장님과 운동을 했어요.(I exercised with the gym manager.)
• 체육관 관장님과 같이 운동을 했어요.(I exercised with the gym manager.)

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• 친구와 영화를 보러 갔어요 (I went to see a movie with my friend.)
• 사촌 동생과 함께 야구를 했어요.(I played baseball with my cousin's younger sibling.)
• 부모님과 함께 야구를 보러 갔어요(I went to watch baseball with my parents.)
• 선생님과 함께 공부를 했어요.(I studied with my teacher.)
• 체육관 관장님과 같이 운동을 했어요.(I exercised with the gym manager.)
• 친구와 같이 요가를 배웠어요.(I learned yoga with my friend.)